پژوهشنامه رسانه بین الملل

پژوهشنامه رسانه بین الملل

بررسی حقوقی حمله رژیم صهیونیستی به صداوسیما در پرتو حقوق بشردوستانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکترای روابط بین‌الملل، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق عمومی، گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/imrl.2025.540234.1330
چکیده
حملات نظامی به زیرساخت‌های غیرنظامی، به‌ویژه نهادهای رسانه‌ای، از چالش‌های جدی حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه و حقوق عرفی است. این مقاله با تمرکز بر حمله رژیم صهیونیستی به سازمان صداوسیما، ابعاد حقوقی چنین اقداماتی را بررسی می‌کند. هدف اصلی پژوهش، تحلیل مشروعیت این حملات از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل، با در نظر گرفتن اصول تمایز، تناسب و ضرورت نظامی است. این مسئله از آن رو حائز اهمیت است که هدف قرار دادن رسانه‌ها جریان آزاد اطلاعات را مختل کرده و ثبات جامعه را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد.پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و استناد به معاهدات بین‌المللی (نظیر کنوانسیون‌های ژنو و پروتکل‌های الحاقی)، قطعنامه‌های شورای امنیت و رویه قضایی، به ارزیابی حقوقی این اقدامات می‌پردازد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد حملات هدفمند به زیرساخت‌های رسانه‌ای غیرنظامی، مگر در موارد استثنایی و با رعایت دقیق اصول تناسب و صرفاً در صورت تبدیل مستقیم و اثبات‌پذیر به هدف نظامی، نقض آشکار حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه تلقی می‌گردد. شواهد موجود از حمله به ساختمان شیشه‌ای صداوسیما در تاریخ ۲۶ خرداد ۱۴۰۴، که منجر به شهادت دو تن از کارکنان سازمان، یک راننده و مجروح شدن تعدادی از کارکنان غیرنظامی و تخریب گسترده استودیوی پخش زنده شد شد، حاکی از عدم وجود چنین شرایطی است. این پژوهش بر مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت مهاجم تأکید می‌کند. در نهایت، بر اساس تحلیل موردی حمله به صداوسیما، پیشنهادهای کاربردی و رسانه‌ای برای تقویت چارچوب‌های حمایتی ارائه می‌شود.؛ از جمله تقویت دیده‌بانی رسانه‌ای و حقوق بشری، فعال‌سازی دیپلماسی رسانه‌ای برای آگاهی‌بخشی جهانی، ایجاد صندوق‌های بین‌المللی برای بازسازی زیرساخت‌های رسانه‌ای و توسعه پروتکل‌های امنیتی برای خبرنگاران در مناطق درگیری. این تدابیر برای تضمین مصونیت خبرنگاران و نهادهای رسانه‌ای، به عنوان ستون‌های اطلاع‌رسانی و شفافیت، حیاتی هستند.
 
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

An Analysis of the Zionist Regime’s Attack on Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) in the Light of Humanitarian Law

نویسندگان English

Hamed Shahbazi 1
Mohammad Saleh Meftah 2
1 A Ph.D. Candidate in International Relations, Faculty of Political Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A Student in Public Law, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

This article examines the legal implications of military attacks on civilian infrastructure, focusing on the Israeli Regime’s military attack on the facilities of The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB). The primary objective is to assess the legality of these attacks under international law, specifically considering the core principles of distinction, proportionality, and military necessity. Targeting media outlets raises critical concerns regarding the disruption of information flows and potential impacts on social stability. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study analyzes relevant international treaties (including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols), UN Security Council resolutions, and pertinent judicial precedents to provide a legal evaluation of these actions. Findings indicate that targeted attacks on civilian media infrastructure constitute a violation of IHL, permissible only in exceptional circumstances where the target has been demonstrably and verifiably converted into a military objective, and where the principles of proportionality have been rigorously adhered to. The available evidence pertaining to the attack on IRIB’s main building on June 16, 2025, which resulted in fatalities (two IRIB personnel and one driver) and injuries to civilian staff, alongside significant damage to a live broadcast studio, does not support the existence of such conditions. This research emphasizes the international legal responsibility of the aggressor state. Finally, based on the case analysis of the IRIB attack, the study proposes practical recommendations to strengthen protective frameworks for media, including enhanced media and human rights monitoring, the utilization of media diplomacy to raise global awareness, the establishment of international funds for the reconstruction of damaged media infrastructure, and the development of robust security protocols for journalists operating in conflict zones. These measures are essential for safeguarding journalists and media organizations as vital components of transparency and information dissemination.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
Military Attack
Media Infrastructure
IRIB
International Responsibility
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